cmath

The cmath module provides some basic mathematical functions for working with complex numbers. Floating point support is required for this module.

Methods

cmath.cos(z)

Return the cosine of z.

cmath.exp(z)

Return the exponential of z.

cmath.log(z)

Return the natural logarithm of z. The branch cut is along the negative real axis.

cmath.log10(z)

Return the base-10 logarithm of z. The branch cut is along the negative real axis.

cmath.phase(z)

Return the phase of the number z, in the range (-pi, +pi).

cmath.polar(z)

Return, as a tuple, the polar form of z.

cmath.rect(r, phi)

Return the complex number with modulus r and phase phi.

cmath.sin(z)

Return the sine of z.

cmath.sqrt(z)

Return the square-root of z.

Constants

• cmath.e: Base of the natural logarithm
• cmath.pi: The ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter